Telecom sector news — Jio, Airtel, Vi, 5G rollout, and mobile connectivity.
Reliance Jio has been ordered by the country's telecom regulator to end some rate practices that it deemed "discriminatory" and in breach of transparency standards. The corporation has until April 14 to meet two important deadlines set by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai). First,
The industry has pushed back against the deadline for compliance with SIM-binding rules, but the Centre has apparently extended it to December 31. In response to industry representatives' requests, the government has postponed the implementation deadline of the SIM-binding rule until December 31. By December 2025, the regulations put
Starlink, which is run by Elon Musk, and the government of Meghalaya have both signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU). Under the terms of the deal, Starlink will be able to test out satcom services in outlying parts of the state. In order to roll out the satellite broadband service
In a strategic investment round spearheaded by Alpha Wave Global and current supporter Carlyle, Bharti Airtel's data centre affiliate Nxtra is acquiring $1 billion (around INR 9,400 crore). Alpha Wave and Carlyle have each committed $435 million (INR 4,107 crore) and $240 million (INR 2,266
Nokia is in the process of implementing a significant global restructuring that could result in the elimination of up to 14,000 positions on a global scale. As a result of the company's response to slowing growth and operational inefficiencies, India is anticipated to be one of the
Telecom firms asked to highlight 30-day plans more clearly to protect users from overpaying. Raghav Chadha places demands to…
The Fund aims to offer a disciplined core equity solution for long-term investors Jio BlackRock Asset Management Private Limited (“JioBlackRock Asset Management”), a 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL) and BlackRock Inc [NYSE: BLK], today announced the launch of the JioBlackRock Large Cap Fund, powered by
The telecom subsidiary of Reliance Industries, Jio Platforms, is scheduled to submit the initial public offering (IPO) paperwork to the capital markets regulator in two or three weeks after finalising its draft red herring prospectus (DRHP). Jio will sell 2.5% of its shares in the initial public offering (IPO)
Velmenni, a deep-tech pioneer in light-based wireless communication, today announced a ₹30 crore (approx. USD 3.3Mn) Pre-Series A funding round. The round was led by pi Ventures, with participation from other investors like MountTech Growth Fund-Kavachh and Apekso. Velmenni has developed high-capacity backhaul and alternative last-mile connectivity solutions for
India’s most anticipated stock market debut, the initial public offering (IPO) of Reliance Jio, may be delayed as the Indian government has yet to notify revised listing rules meant for very large companies. The public issue, backed by billionaire industrialist Mukesh Ambani, was widely expected to launch in the
Ericsson, a Swedish producer of telecom network equipment, and Vodafone Idea, the third-largest carrier in India, have strengthened their collaboration. Together, the two will update the carrier's postpaid offerings and strengthen the telco's future networks. On 2 March, the businesses announced that Ericsson will launch cloud-native
India’s startup ecosystem saw funding flow into quick commerce, EV mobility and growth‑stage B2B platforms as investors backed both operational scale and infrastructure enablement. Meanwhile, key business developments included talent moves, fund management expansion, and collaborations to bolster digital services. Here’s your concise roundup for 2nd March
Bharti Airtel will implement its AI-powered spam protection tool on text messages, including those that contain web links, that are transmitted through Google's messaging platform. In order to safeguard its clients from any online fraud, this measure is implemented. According to Airtel, this is all a part of
Adding to the recent spate of layoffs in the US tech and telecom industries, T-Mobile is planning to terminate the employment of approximately 400 workers in the state of Washington. According to local broadcaster KING 5, state filings reveal that the corporation intends to permanently eliminate 393 positions across various
Jio BlackRock Investment Advisers Private Limited (JioBlackRock Investment Advisers), a 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services Limited (“JFSL”) [BSE, NSE: JIOFIN] and BlackRock Inc. [NYSE: BLK], has launched JioBlackRock Personalised Investment Advice. This digital advisory platform aims to transform Indians from savers to informed investors through guided advice
In cooperation with Adobe, telecom provider Airtel will provide its clients with a one-year subscription to Adobe Express Premium. The business claims that all Airtel customers in India would be able to take advantage of the deal. The new package will let Airtel subscribers use the app's Premium
India’s startup and business ecosystem continues to witness a mix of funding momentum and major corporate developments. In today’s roundup, social networking platform Culture raised INR 2 crore in a seed round led by Acuvest Infra, while premium sneaker brand Gully Labs secured INR 30 crore in Series
Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the parent company of Jio, has stated that once regulatory checks and balances are in place, the public offering is anticipated to take place in the upcoming months. Anshuman Thakur, SVP of Strategy & Planning at RIL, stated on the firm's Q3 earnings call
The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), a consumer watchdog, fined Amazon, Meesho, Meta, and other e-commerce sites for selling walkie-talkies illegally, claiming that thousands of listings violated consumer and telecom regulations. In addition to a number of smaller merchants and websites, the CCPA reported that it discovered over 16,900
The Board of Directors of Jio Financial Services Limited (“JFSL”, also referred to as the “Company”), at its meeting held in Mumbai today, approved the unaudited financial results for the third quarter of the financial year 2025-26, ended December 31, 2025 (Q3 FY26). Key financial highlights for the quarter ended
Jio Platforms, the digital division of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL), is reportedly considering a $4 billion (INR 36,100 cr) public offering, which might be the largest IPO in India to date. Reuters was informed by sources that because of the scale of the digital business, RIL is only interested
India’s startup and corporate landscape witnessed a series of strategic developments on 8th January 2026, reflecting shifting market dynamics across e-commerce, fintech, broking, and telecom. From Myntra’s move to support emerging D2C brands through a zero-commission model to Groww strengthening its leadership in retail stock broking, the day
Reliance Jio Platforms, the telecom and digital arm of Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries, is considering an initial public offering (IPO) in 2026 that could become India’s largest‑ever public listing. The company may offer just 2.5% of its shares, but even this small float could raise more
In Venezuela, Starlink has provided free internet service till February 3. The statement follows the rapid nighttime military action by the United States against Venezuela on January 3, which resulted in the capture of President Nicolas Maduro and his wife, First Lady Cilia Flores. "Starlink is providing free broadband
Vodafone Idea, an Indian telecom provider, announced on 1 January that it had been hit with a penalty of 6.38 billion rupees, or around $71 million, for allegedly "short payment" of taxes. A day after the Indian government gave the indebted company a partial suspension on adjusted
India’s business landscape saw significant developments on 31st December 2025, spanning technology, economy, and telecom sectors. Food delivery giants Zomato and Swiggy boosted payouts for gig workers ahead of New Year’s Eve to ensure smooth operations amid a nationwide strike call. In a historic economic milestone, India overtook
The Union Cabinet on 31 December approved a support package that freezes a significant portion of Vodafone Idea's Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) dues, providing significant respite for the indebted telecom company. According to reports, the ruling has frozen Vodafone Idea's AGR dues, which total INR 87,
India’s startup and enterprise ecosystem continued to witness strong momentum with a mix of funding activity and strategic acquisitions. Blue and grey-collar hiring platform WorkIndia raised INR 97 crore in a Series B round, while social investing startup StockGro secured USD 13 million in Series B1 funding to scale
A final agreement has been reached by HCL Technologies (HCLTech) to purchase the Telco Solutions division from Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) for a maximum consideration of $160 million. The company stated in a stock exchange statement on 18 December that the deal is set up as an all-cash asset carve-out.
Following a setup error that showed Starlink's India pricing on its local website, the business announced on December 8 that the issue has been resolved and that the figures do not accurately represent the cost of Starlink service in India. The Starlink India website launched with service prices
A 'notified partner' of Raiden Infotech India, Adani Infra (India) Pvt Ltd, has been granted 480 acres of property in the districts of Visakhapatnam and Anakapalli by the Andhra Pradesh government. One GW AI Data Centre will be established in the state by Google subsidiary Raiden Infotech India.
The government wants a mandatory app on your phone, but the Opposition says it's a "Big Brother surveillance moment.” The phone company may also push back...
The Center's directive to mobile phone manufacturers to incorporate the Sanchar Saathi software into all Indian-made or imported phones has sparked a huge political dispute. The Congress and other opposition parties have claimed that this is a step towards state surveillance and have called for the urgent reversal
On November 28, 2025, the Union government issued directives mandating that users log out of web-based chat sessions every six hours and that applications like WhatsApp only function with the SIM card used to register for the service in their device. The directive, which was delivered straight to messaging apps
The quest for spectrum in the 6 gigahertz (GHz) band for mobile services by Reliance Jio and Vodafone Idea has been met with opposition from major U.S. tech companies Apple, Amazon, Cisco, Meta, HP, and Intel Corporation. Instead, the IT majors wanted the whole 6 GHz range to be
Jio asks the government to put the entire 1200 MHz in auction, but Meta, Apple, Intel and others oppose, saying ‘not ready for mobile yet.’
Bharti Airtel will now pursue its appeal with the government for a similar evaluation, one day after the Supreme Court ordered the government to reevaluate the adjusted gross revenue (AGR) dues from Vodafone Idea for up to FY17. In an earnings call, Gopal Vittal, the managing director and vice chairman
Google and Reliance Industries have launched a strategic agreement that will provide eligible Jio consumers free access to Google AI Pro, a premium product worth INR 35,100 per user, for 18 months. As part of Reliance's "AI for All" mission, the partnership seeks to democratise
India’s startup ecosystem witnessed notable activity on 27th October 2025, with fresh funding rounds across diverse sectors including fashion, clean energy, and nutrition. Banana Club, HYDGEN, and Neulife secured new capital to drive their respective growth and expansion plans. Meanwhile, the business landscape saw two major corporate developments — Lenskart
Following the Supreme Court's decision to permit the Central government to re-examine the matter of reevaluating the telecom operator's adjusted gross revenue (AGR) obligations, Vodafone Idea's stock price surged by more than 9% on Monday. Following the SC's decision, Vodafone Idea'
The Economic Times reported that nine gateway earth stations will be established in key Indian cities, including Mumbai, Noida, Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Lucknow, by SpaceX's satellite internet service, Starlink. The opening of Starlink's satellite internet services in India will be aided by these stations. Through
The biggest telecom provider in India by market share, Jio Infocomm Ltd., has no imminent plans to raise mobile phone rates, defying market predictions. Instead, it wants to increase revenue by encouraging users to use more data. Contrary to market predictions, Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd, the largest telecom provider in
India’s startup and corporate ecosystem saw notable developments on 17th October 2025. Healthtech, electric mobility, and healthcare startups raised significant funding to scale operations, enhance technology, and expand services. Meanwhile, major corporates made headlines with strategic offerings and financial results, including Google launching a Diwali 2025 cloud storage promotion
Buying gold during Dhanteras and Diwali is a long-standing Indian tradition symbolising prosperity, wealth, and good fortune. This festive season, JioFinance has introduced Jio Gold 24K Days, a limited-period offer that rewards customers with 2% free gold and a chance to win prizes worth ₹10 lakh on purchases made through
Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL) has posted strong growth in the second quarter of the financial year 2025-26, ending 30 September 2025, with consolidated total income rising to ₹1,002 crore, up 44% year-on-year. Net income from business surged fivefold to ₹317 crore, while profit after tax stood at ₹695
India’s startup and corporate ecosystem witnessed significant developments on 13th October 2025, with notable funding rounds, technological advancements, and strategic investments. Key highlights include fintech startup GoodScore raising $13 million, wealthtech firm Dezerv securing $40 million, and deep-tech Chara Technologies obtaining $6 million. Additionally, Jio Payments Bank forays into
The payments bank is leveraging its digital payments capabilities to serve the nation through infrastructure-linked financial services Jio Payments Bank Limited (JPBL), a digital-first payments bank and a subsidiary of Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL), has won a contract to implement the FASTag Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)-based MLFF
The massive Taiwanese electronics manufacturer Pegatron is constructing a new plant in Chennai with the goal of manufacturing 5G small cells for the expanding private networks industry in India. The plant will also be able to meet demand from other parts of the world, including Europe, Southeast Asia, and possibly
As the government looks to improve relations with the UK, India is thinking of settling its long-standing demand for billions of dollars in past-due fees from Vodafone Group Plc's struggling local business once and for all, according to people familiar with the situation. As per various media reports,
As the Spanish telecom juggernaut prepares for a comprehensive strategy overhaul in November, Telefónica is thinking of laying off up to 7,000 employees. Although the business has not yet finalised the details, a Reuters official and internal sources both say that staff reductions are being considered. On November 4,
Reliance Jio has rolled out a ₹77 plan with 5-day validity, 3GB extra data, and a free 30-day SonyLIV subscription via JioTV. A smart budget pack that mixes connectivity with entertainment, it also pressures rivals in India’s ongoing telecom war.
Jio BlackRock and Paytm Money, the wealth tech division of the fintech titan Paytm, have partnered to introduce a new AI-powered systematic active equity (SAE) fund for individual investors. The financial giant said in a statement that Paytm Money will only provide Jio BlackRock flexi cap fund subscriptions. On September
By leveraging BlackRock’s SAE approach, the fund will aim to deliver long-term capital appreciation while adapting to market dynamics Jio BlackRock Asset Management Private Limited (JioBlackRock Asset Management), a 50:50 JV between Jio Financial Services Limited (JFSL) and BlackRock*, announced today the launch of its latest equity offering:
MediaTek has revealed the Dimensity 9500, their flagship processor for the upcoming generation. The new CPU outperforms the Dimensity 9400 in terms of efficiency and performance. Better on-board AI processing has also been a priority for the corporation. MediaTek's "all big-core" design, which was introduced two
Customers can earn higher returns on their idle liquidity by auto-investing surplus savings in the ‘Growth’ plans of Overnight Mutual Funds^ directly through the JioFinance app
Airtel Payments Bank has introduced the Safe Second Account - a smarter, safer way to pay. It enables customers to keep their primary savings protected, while they freely use the Airtel Payments Bank savings account as their second account for everyday payment needs.
According to reports, the government is eager to introduce satellite communication (satcom) services by January 2026. The Digital Communication Commission (DCC, formerly known as the telecom commission), the highest decision-making body of the telecom department (DoT), is scheduled to meet shortly to discuss the country's satcom rollout, according
According to internet observer NetBlocks, damage to subsea cable infrastructure in the Red Sea caused extensive interruptions for internet users in India, Pakistan, and areas of the Middle East. The disruption has brought attention to how vulnerable the world's digital infrastructure is, as it is mostly dependent on
Mukesh Ambani dropped several big announcements: JioFrames, JioPC, Jio AI Cloud 2.0, and key partnerships with Meta and...
According to reports, tech titan Apple and Reliance Jio have teamed up to provide Jio customers Rich Communication Services (RCS) texting on iPhones. According to ET's story, which cited sources, this partnership will enable Jio customers on iPhones to send iMessage-style "blue tick" RCS texts with
This article has been contributed by Neeraj Gupta, GM-PeX Head Global (India/Africa), Bharti Airtel Ltd Reflecting on my 17 years in the Indian telecom finance domain, the transformation has been nothing short of breath-taking. I began my career in an era of paper ledgers/Tally and manual reconciliations, where
According to an official announcement cited by news agency PTI, billionaire Elon Musk's satellite internet service business Starlink would use Aadhaar authentication to validate Indian consumers before onboarding them. Starlink has been given permission by the government to start providing satellite-based broadband services domestically. As per the release,
It looks like Bharti Airtel is adding more bundled digital services for its Indian consumers. According to reports, the telecom operator has extended its collaboration with Apple, which was previously restricted to postpaid and broadband consumers, by providing free access to Apple Music for its prepaid customers. The action was
Nokia was once the top name people thought of when it came to mobile phones. Nokia’s durable phones and classic ringtones made it popular around the world. But after a few wrong moves, Nokia lost its place in the spotlight. You might not see Nokia phones everywhere anymore, but
According to Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar, Minister of State for Communications, Elon Musk's Starlink satellite internet service will store its network data, traffic, and other information locally in India. "Security conditions, among other things, include the establishment of earth station gateway(s) in India for providing satellite-based communication
The government has been urged by the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI) to establish a formal regulatory framework for over-the-top (OTT) communication platforms like Signal, Telegram, and WhatsApp. COAI claimed in a statement that these platforms are the "weakest link" in the nation's communication security,
Union Minister Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar downplayed the danger to state-run BSNL and other telecom companies on July 28 by stating that billionaire Elon Musk's satellite communication services business, Starlink, might only have 20 lakh connections in India. The Minister of State for Telecom was addressing a review meeting
On 17 July 2025, India’s startup ecosystem saw fresh funding across sectors like health food, robotics, packaging, and AI. At the same time, major companies like Airtel, Flipkart, and Jupiter announced key product and business updates. Here’s a roundup of all the top funding deals and key business
The AI-powered search engine Perplexity and Bharti Airtel launched a collaboration on 17 July. As a result, all Airtel customers will receive a complimentary 12-month subscription to Perplexity Pro, which would normally cost INR 17,000 annually worldwide. Customers of Airtel's DTH, broadband, and mobile services can access
Startups led the way on 9 July 2025, with Zepto reportedly raising $500 million and fresh funding going to Chai Bisket, Belong, and Green Aero. On the corporate front, Apple named Sabih Khan as its new COO, and Starlink received final approval to launch services in India. Here’s your
Big moves and big money marked 7 July 2025. Khetika raised $18 million, BigBasket welcomed a new CFO, and Jio-BlackRock collected INR 17,800 crore in its first mutual fund offer. Here’s a quick look at all the key updates from the day. Daily Indian Funding Digest - 7
According to a media report, US satellite companies Starlink and Amazon Kuiper have inked their first commercial agreements with VSAT providers in India. This step marks a significant step towards the establishment of government and business satellite broadband services before satellite spectrum is formally allotted. Through these collaborations, the low-Earth
On MSME Day, Vi Business’s 2025 study reveals that 76% MSMEs aim to invest in cybersecurity and 72% in cloud. India’s digital maturity score rose to 58, led by Telangana. However, only 12% are fully digital, pointing to gaps in adoption and financial capacity.
Mumbai, June 27, 2025: Jio BlackRock Broking Private Limited (JioBlackRock Broking), a wholly owned subsidiary of Jio BlackRock Investment Advisers Private Limited (JioBlackRock Investment Advisers), has received regulatory approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to commence operations as a brokerage firm in India. JioBlackRock Broking aims
Due to concerns that the telecom operator would fail without executive latitude, the Centre, which already owns the largest equity in Vodafone Idea (Vi) through the conversion of previous receivables into stock, is considering a number of options to give the telco additional relief on outstanding regulatory dues of INR
On 16 June, the Trump Organisation revealed a $499 smartphone that will go on sale in September along with a mobile phone plan. According to its website, Trump Mobile, the new service, will include a $47.45 monthly package that includes unlimited call, text, and data, as well as roadside
To reduce spam calls, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has started a pilot initiative to develop a digital permission management system. The regulator will verify the technical, operational, and regulatory aspects of a digital consent registration function as part of the project. To test this framework, TRAI has
Amid concerns over its long-term viability, the Indian government is presently addressing Vodafone Idea's (Vi) financial difficulties and contemplating relief measures. Vi might not be able to fulfil obligations after 2028–2029 if payment terms are not even extended to adjusted gross revenue (AGR) dues. Although measures like
With an anticipated monthly price of INR 3,000 for limitless bandwidth and a one-time fee of INR 33,000 for the receiver kit, Elon Musk's satellite internet business Starlink is getting closer to offering its services in India. According to a media site, the service is anticipated
According to reports, TRAI turned down the COAI's request to examine its suggestions for satcom spectrum. Following a thorough and open consultation process, the Centre has received recommendations pertaining to spectrum. Telecom companies disregarded TRAI's suggestion earlier this month that satellite spectrum be billed at 4%
BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) was incorporated on 1st October 2000 by the Government of India under the ownership of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications. The largest government-owned wireless telecommunications service provider in India is headquartered in Delhi. The Chairman and Managing Director of BSNL is a government
High-speed satellite internet services are about to be introduced in India by Elon Musk's Starlink and other satellite communication companies, such as Eutelsat OneWeb, which is supported by the Bharti Group, Reliance Jio's joint venture with SES, and Globalstar. In order to swiftly draw in a
Telecommunication companies are entities that facilitate communication and connectivity without the need for physical interaction. Whether it's making phone calls, accessing the internet, or exchanging written messages via emails and SMS, the telecom sector offers comprehensive solutions at our fingertips. Through the use of cables, wires, waves, and
The petitions filed by Vodafone Idea (Vi), Bharti Airtel, and Tata Teleservices asking for a waiver of their long-standing adjusted gross revenue (AGR) obligations were denied by the Supreme Court on 20 May. As part of their AGR obligations, the telcos sought relief from the payment of interest, penalties, and
Elon Musk's satellite internet project has finally got a go-ahead from the Indian government to set up operations after nearly three years of wading through bureaucratic channels. Starlink now moves toward getting its Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS) license cleared. A letter of intent has been
The DoT (Department of Telecommunications) has laid down fresh guidelines for satellite internet companies, further detailing its regulatory framework. Companies such as SpaceX's Starlink still await final approval to beam down satellite internet to Indian customers. The fresh guidelines apply to two essential licenses, Unified License and Global
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has laid the groundwork for a total revamp of the security mechanism for satellite-based internet service providers. This was long overdue, considering that players like Starlink and Project Kuiper, from the global big shots of the telecom industry, are knocking on the doors of the
Starlink, Elon Musk's SpaceX venture, which offers satellite broadband, is actively exploring partnerships in India with a range of players across the satcom, telecom, and broadband sectors. Companies like Hughes, Nelco (of the Tata Group), and BSNL are in talks with the company. According to people familiar with
Similar to their rivalry in the telecom industry, the move places Reliance Industries up against a group that includes Sunil Mittal of the Bharti Group, among others.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently dialed up the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, Elon Musk. Modi brought back the main subjects the two had discussed earlier this year in a meeting in Washington DC. The conversation centered largely around the idea of moving US-India collaboration forward, in particular, in sectors
A complete blackout has been reported by several Vi users, who report that they were unable to access any network services. After midnight, more than 1880 reports about Vodafone Idea network issues were displayed by Downdetector, which monitors such outages.
Jio Finance customers can now get loans up to INR 1 crore with interest rates as low as 9.99%, depending on their risk tolerance. On the National Stock Exchange, Jio Financial Services' shares surged by almost 6%, closing at INR 225.49 on April 8.
In the high-stakes world of Indian telecommunications, where industry giants battle for dominance and rapid technological shifts define market dynamics, Akshaya Moondra has been the steady hand guiding Vodafone Idea (Vi) through its most turbulent era. As the CEO since August 2022, Moondra inherited a company grappling with financial distress,
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) said last week that BSNL's invoicing issues caused the government to suffer this large financial loss.
Vodafone Idea (Vi) stock price jumps 20% after government converts spectrum dues into equity.
On March 26, Bharti Airtel declared that its Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) services would be available in India. With some plans, it offers users access to a vast collection of on-demand content from 29 OTT streaming apps, including Netflix, ZEE5, Apple TV+, Amazon Prime Video, and many more. In addition
India has accused South Korean tech giant Samsung of tax cheating in the purchase of necessary telecom equipment and has imposed a $601 million tax demand on the company. One of the largest orders in recent years, it may have a significant impact on Samsung's net profit in
Following a spike in its share price, telecom giant Vodafone Idea Ltd. clarified on 19 March its ongoing talks with satellite communication providers, including Starlink. Following media speculations of a possible partnership, the corporation said that these talks are part of its regular business plan to improve service quality and
Elon Musk's Starlink has joined forces with India's leading telecom companies, Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel, to bring satellite internet services to the country. These partnerships aim to enhance internet access, especially in remote and underserved regions. Reliance Jio's Collaboration with Starlink Reliance Jio,
Satellite internet may be available in Indian skies as early as June. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is finalising a series of recommendations regarding the cost and usage of satellite communications that have been in the works for almost two years. The introduction of a framework and the